Intergrating IoT and Wearable Technologies in Internal Medicine for Remote Monitoring
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69996/9v0g1x92Keywords:
Internet of Things, Wearable Technology, Internal Medicine, Remote Monitoring, Digital HealthAbstract
The convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) systems and wearable technologies is gradually redefining the practice of internal medicine by extending clinical observation beyond traditional hospital walls. In this study, remote monitoring is examined not merely as a technological convenience but as a transformative layer in long-term patient management. The research explores how interconnected wearable sensors with tracking parameters such as cardiac rhythm, glycemic variation, and respiratory function which can create continuous feedback loops between patients and physicians. Rather than emphasizing technological novelty alone, the analysis focuses on the medical relevance of persistent data streams for early diagnosis, post-discharge surveillance, and individualized therapeutic adjustment. The findings reveal that the integration of IoT and wearable systems enhances diagnostic continuity, supports early detection of clinical deterioration, and reduces the frequency of avoidable hospital readmissions. The study also underscores critical implementation challenges, including data interoperability, physician alert fatigue, and ethical concerns surrounding patient privacy. By situating IoT-enabled monitoring within the clinical routines of internal medicine, this work contributes to a growing discourse on how digital technologies reshape the boundaries of medical responsibility and patient engagement. The practical implications are significant: hospitals and healthcare policymakers can leverage such integrations to develop hybrid care frameworks that combine in-person evaluation with data-driven remote oversight. Future research should investigate adaptive learning mechanisms capable of filtering clinically meaningful signals from large volumes of wearable data, alongside exploring equitable access to these technologies in low-resource settings.
References
[1] P. Thottempudi and V. Kumar, “The Role of IoT in Modern Healthcare: Innovations and Challenges in Pandemic Era,” in Technologies for Sustainable Healthcare Development, 1st ed., pp. 57–80, 2024.
[2] R. Sharma and P. Singh, “Smart Hospitals: Integrating AI for Enhanced Patient Outcomes,” Journal of Electrical Systems, vol. 20, no. 10s, pp. 1812–1819, 2024.
[3] J.-W. Jeong, W. Lee, and Y.-J. Kim, “A Real-Time Wearable Physiological Monitoring System for Home-Based Healthcare Applications,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 104, 2021.
[4] L. Chen, Y. Wang and H. Zhang, “IoT-Enabled Patient Monitoring Systems for Enhanced Safety and Operational Efficiency in Hospitals,” Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol.28, no.3, pp.678–689, 2024.
[5] R. K. Kher and D. M. Patel, “A Comprehensive Review on Wearable Health Monitoring Systems,” The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 213–225, 2021.
[6] M. Ahwiadi and W. Wang, “Battery Health Monitoring and Remaining Useful Life Prediction Techniques: A Review of Technologies,” Batteries, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 31, 2025.
[7] R. Priyadarshini, N. Shaikh, R. K. Godi, P. K. Dhal, R. Sharma, and Y. Perwej, “IOTbased power control systems framework for healthcare applications,” Measurement: Sensors, vol. 25, pp. 100660, 2023.
[8] T. K. Jebur, P. Lourdes, J. Lloret and H. K. Hoomod, “Wireless Body Sensor Networks: A Review of Energy-Saving Techniques and Security Challenges,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Appl. Innov. IT, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 25–42, 2025.
[9] M. Devare, “Low Power Communication Protocols for IoT-Enabled Applications,” in Protocols and Applications for the Industrial Internet of Things, 1st ed. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, pp. 45–68, 2018.
[10] L. K. Ketshabetswe, A. M. Zungeru, C. K. Lebekwe, and B. Mtengi, “Energy-efficient algorithms for lossless data compression schemes in wireless sensor networks,” Scientific African, vol. 23, article e02008, 2024.
[11] H. H. Strey, P. Richman, R. Rozensky, and S. Smith, “Bluetooth low energy technologies for applications in health care: Proximity and physiological signals monitors,” in Proc. 10th Int. Conf. & Expo on Emerging Technologies for a Smarter World (CEWIT), Stony Brook, NY, USA, Oct. 2013.
[12] S. Mahabub, I. Jahan, and M. N. Islam, “The impact of wearable technology on health monitoring: A data-driven analysis with real-world case studies and innovations,” J. Electr. Syst., vol. 20, no. 11s, pp. 172–183, 2024.
[13] F. Salis, “A multi-sensor wearable system for the assessment of diseased gait in real-world conditions,” Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., vol. 11, 2023,
[14] Z. Yan, Z. Bai, T. Mitra, and W.-F. Wong, “SparrowSNN: A hardware/software co-design for energy efficient ECG classification,” Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1–22, 2018.
[15] F. Azam and A. Mustafa, “Integrating IoT devices in clinical laboratories for real-time monitoring,” J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab., vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 39–45, 2024.
[16] A. U. Rehman, S. Lu, M. B. Bin Heyat, M. S. Iqbal, S. Parveen, M. A. Bin Hayat, F. Akhtar, M. A. Ashraf, and O. Khan, “Internet of Things in healthcare research: Trends, innovations, security considerations, challenges and future strategy,” Int. J. Intell. Syst., 2025.
[17] S. Saponara, M. Donati, L. Fanucci and A. Celli, “An embedded sensing and communication platform, and a healthcare model for remote monitoring of chronic diseases,” Electronics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 47, 2016.
[18] M. Dadkhah, M. Mehraeen, F. Rahimnia, and K. Kimiafar, “Use of Internet of Things for chronic disease management: An overview,” J. Med. Signals Sens., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 138– 157, 2021
[19] L. P. Serrano, K. C. Maita, F. R. Avila, R. A. Torres-Guzman, J. P. Garcia et al., “Benefits and challenges of remote patient monitoring as perceived by health care practitioners: A systematic review,” Perm. J., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 100–111, 2023.
[20] M. K. Hussain, M. Rahman and S. Soumik, “IoT-enabled predictive analytics for hypertension and cardiovascular disease,” J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol., vol. 2, no. 1, 2025.
[21] B. Mittelstadt, “Designing the health-related Internet of Things: Ethical principles and guidelines,” SSRN Electron. J., 2017.
[22] O. Pournik, T. Mukherjee, L. Ghalichi, and T. N. Arvanitis, “How interoperability challenges are addressed in healthcare IoT projects,” Rev. Stud. Health Technol. Inform., vol. 309, pp. 121–125, 2023.
[23] Y. Wu and B. Ghoraani, “Biological signal processing and analysis for healthcare monitoring,” Sensors (Basel), vol. 22, no. 14, 2022.
[24] K. Sundaravadivel, P. Malaiyarasan, H. Karuppiah, and N. Raja, “IoT based vital signs monitoring system for human beings,” 3C Tecnología_Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme, 2021, pp. 611–621, 2021.
[25] V. A. Adepoju, S. Jamil, M. S. Biswas, and A. A. Chowdhury, “Wearable Technology in the Management of Chronic Diseases: A Growing Concern,” Chronic Dis. Transl. Med., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 117–121, 2024.
[26] F. Hasan and T. Wong, “Continuous Glucose and Cardiac Monitoring via Wearable IoT Platforms,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol.11, no.4, pp.8771–8782, 2024.
[27] J. Hýbl, P. Volf, J. Hejda and A. Karavaev, “Wearable Multi-Sensor System for Telemedicine Applications,” Lékař a technika - Clinician and Technology, vol. 51, no. 1–4, pp. 76–83, 2021.
[28] A. Gatouillat, B. Massot, Y. Badr, E. Sejdic and C. Gehin, “Building IoT-Enabled Wearable Medical Devices: An Application to a Wearable, Multiparametric, Cardiorespiratory Sensor,” HAL Open Science.
[29] A. H. Omre, “Bluetooth Low Energy: Wireless Connectivity for Medical Monitoring,” J. Diabetes Sci. Technol., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 457–463, 2010.
[30] S. Abdulmalek, A. Nasir, W. A. Jabbar, M. A. M. Almuhaya, A. K. Bairagi, M. A.-M. Khan, and S.-H. Kee, “IoT-Based Healthcare-Monitoring System towards Improving Quality of Life: A Review,” Healthcare (Basel), vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1993, 2022.
[31] K. A. Al-Sammak, S. H. Al-Gburi, C. Marghescu and A. M. C. Dragulinescu, “A Comprehensive Assessment of LoRaWAN and NB-IoT Performance Metrics Under Varied Payload Data Sizes,” in Proc. 2024 16th Int. Conf. Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), 2024.
[32] O. Pournik, T. Mukherjee, L. Ghalichi and T. N. Arvanitis, “How Interoperability Challenges Are Addressed in Healthcare IoT Projects,” in Telehealth Ecosystems in Practice, 2023.
[33] S. K. Tate, K. Sylvester, and B. Sundan, “Edge Computing for Real-Time Healthcare Analytics: Leveraging AI and IoT in Smart Healthcare Systems,” 2024
[34] S. K. Jagatheesaperumal, S. Rajkumar, J. V. Suresh, A. H. Gumaei, N. Alhakbani, M. Z. Uddin, and M. M. Hassan, “An IoT-Based Framework for Personalized Health Assessment and Recommendations Using Machine Learning,” Mathematics, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 2758, 2023.
[35] V. Lakshminarayanan, A. Ravikumar, H. Sriraman, S. Alla and V. K. Chattu, “Health Care Equity through Intelligent Edge Computing and Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review,” J. Multidiscip. Healthc., vol. 16, pp. 2839–2859, 2023.
[36] F. Sabry, T. Eltaras, W. Labda, K. Alzoubi, and Q. Malluhi, “Machine Learning for Healthcare Wearable Devices: The Big Picture,” J. Healthcare Eng., vol. 2022, 2022.
[37] D. F. S. Santos, A. Perkusich and H. O. Almeida, “Standard-based and Distributed Health Information Sharing for mHealth IoT Systems,” in Proc. IEEE 17th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (HealthCom), pp. 182–189, 2015.
[38] U. C. Dike and V. M. Jackson, “Telemedicine integration with cloud-based IoT: A literature review approach,” World J. Adv. Res. Rev., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 723–731, 2024.
[39] H. Ding, “Assessment of wearable device adherence for monitoring physical activity in older adults: Pilot cohort study,” JMIR Publications J. Adv. Digit. Health Open Sci., vol. 7, 2024.
[40] Y. MacPherson and K. Pham, “Ethics in Health Data Science, in Leveraging Data Science for Global Health,” 1st ed., Cham, Switzerland: Springer, pp. 365–372, 2020.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Sensors, IoT & Health Sciences (JSIHS,ISSN: 2584-2560)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Fringe Global Scientific Press publishes all the papers under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) license. Authors have the liberty to replicate and distribute their work. Authors have the ability to use either the whole or a portion of their piece in compilations or other publications that include their own work. Please see the licensing terms for more information on reusing the work.
