Urbanization and Behavioral Shifts in Wildlife: Adaptation Strategies of Birds and Mammals in Human-Dominated Landscapes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69996/fmep.2026037Keywords:
Artificial Light, Noise Pollution, Human Activity, Habitat FragmentationAbstract
Rapid urbanization has significantly transformed natural ecosystems, compelling wildlife species to adapt their behaviors in order to survive in human-dominated environments. This study examines the behavioral adaptations of urban wildlife, particularly birds and mammals, in response to changing ecological conditions such as habitat fragmentation, artificial light, noise pollution, human activity, and alternative food sources. Focusing on species including pigeons, raccoons, mice, and urban deer, the research analyzes modifications in feeding habits, nesting patterns, migration routes, and social interactions within urban landscapes. Drawing upon ecological and behavioral studies, the paper explores how some species successfully exploit urban resources while others struggle to adapt, leading to changes in biodiversity and ecosystem balance. The study also investigates the broader ecological implications of these adaptations, including altered predator-prey relationships and increasing human–wildlife encounters. By highlighting the resilience and limitations of urban wildlife, this research contributes to contemporary discussions on urban ecology, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable city planning. Ultimately, the paper argues that understanding wildlife behavioral adaptation is essential for promoting coexistence between humans and animals in rapidly expanding urban spaces.
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